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1. Global Warming
The Industrial Revolution brought many new, exciting inventions into our lives with an Intention to simplify and make efficient our life, such inventions included cars, household appliances and plants that burn solid waste. Before the Industrial Revolution, human activities caused very few gases to be released into the atmosphere, but now because of the burning of fossil fuels, a large population growth and deforestation, humans are badly affecting the mixture of environment friendly gases causing a worldwide problem known as Global Warming.
The earth has a natural “greenhouse effect” caused by the sun to control the earth’s weather and climate. In response to the sun, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases, trap the energy leaving the earth and retaining it as heat, much like a greenhouse ceiling. This is a natural and necessary effect, without it temperatures on earth would be much lower than they are now and life as it is today would not be possible, but with the greenhouse effect the earth’s average temperature is a more comfortable and life supporting 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
The problems that have arisen with the greenhouse effect have occurred due to the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases. Scientists believe that the increase in greenhouse gas concentration, especially of carbon dioxide, is being caused by the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities. The total amount of future emissions depends on a range of factors, such as demographic, economic, and technological policy and institutional developments, making it difficult to estimate future emissions.
Climate change, such as global warming, is a global problem that requires actions of improvement from the entire international community. The countries from around the world, including the United States, are working together to share technologies, experience, resources and talent to lower total greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the threat of global warming. These efforts commonly referred to as Technology Cooperation, can occur between nations, private entities, and organizations around the world. International efforts are in progress o try to establish practices for ‘and use, land use change and forestry to reduce greenhouse gas emission and increase carbon sinks.
It is suggested by many organizations that natural gases should replace other fuels such as coal, oil and gasoline, and that we should still limit the burning of even natural gases. It is also suggested that the government should create car-less cities, where citizens can only walk, ride bikes or use public transportation to get around inside the city. Yet another suggestion is to require citizens to drive electric cars, or electric hybrid cars, to reduce the amount of pollution put into the atmosphere by driving. A less popular action would be to limit the amount of gasoline available to each citizen over a certain amount of time, making them unable to contribute any more pollutants than anyone else is allowed.
Transportation is not the only area where action can be taken, household appliances, heating or cooling equipment, consumer electronics, or office equipment also have an effect on the environment. Individuals’ cars make a big difference in global warming also. Citizens can get involved with organizations to attract the attention of the Government as well as following a couple of the suggestions made above. People can drive less, or use more efficient cars, smoke less, even cigarette and pipe smoke are pollutants, and replace their appliances and household products with more energy efficient ones. Global warming is a problem, and it won’t go away without the cooperation of the world and its inhabitants.
2. Karachi City of Problems
Karachi is the center of trade and economic activities. In past, it was regarded as the city of light as it was bright and glittering. The roads were washed every day in the evening and the lamp post were there to light every place. This all seems too fascinating and mad man’s dream at present, for today’s Karachi is the opposite of what we heard of it from our parents. The ‘Karachi we find today is full of problems.
Sewerage problem is the most severe problem of the day. The roads are usually blocked because of chock sewerage lines. These lines were meant for a small group’s need, but with the expansion of population, they obviously proved to be insufficient. The government solves individual sewerage problems on basis, so the result is quite disappointing. The line which is fixed today chocks after few days and therefore, the dirty water is seen standing everywhere and causes several diseases. Another severe problem is the shortage of drinking water. Water is the basic need of every society.
Karachi has long been suffering the shortage of water and people are left on the mercy of Tankers. The connections that were earlier taken at home usually release air or if water comes, it stays for wink of an eye. The most pathetic thing is that some time sewerage water mixes with the drinking water and spoils the stored water of the people. The problem is not over at this stage and as soon as summer arrives, it brings with it the load shading.
The former city of light is now called the city of darkness. The unannounced and constant power failure hits everyone equally. The hospitals, factories, institutions and houses suffer badly and the usual work of life freezes. The irony is that complaints are not heard or if something is done to restore power; it proves to be short lived. In short, we can say that problems of Karachi are numerous, and people are suffering and looking for a reformer to step forward m order to solve this problem.
3. World Cup 2011
Pakistan is cricketing crazy nation and when any big cricketing event starts, our craze reaches the climax. This time Pakistan was the world Cup host along with Sri Lanka & India but due to the menace of terrorism, we were deprived of this lucrative opportunity and Bangladesh was selected ‘as an alternative venue. 14 teams participated in this World cup, and they were divided in two groups A and B.
In group A, all stronger sides easily won their preliminary matches while in group B, we watched many nail-biting games such as India V/S England one. India scored massive 330 pIus total and in reply England tied the match thanks to the innings of Andrew Strauss who played captain’s knock of 158 runs and helped England tied on last bowl of the match. In another match between England & Ireland, England posted 300 plus runs and Ireland recorded the biggest upset of the tournament by defeating England.
Group A, Pakistan, Australia, New Zeeland and Sri Lanka entered in quarter final easily. Group B India, South Africa, England and West Indies after tough battles booked their places in quarter final.
In First quarter final from group B, India surprised Australia, the last time World Champions, and showed they are one the contenders of 2011 world Cup. Sri Lanka defeated England and both teams from this group walked into the Semifinals. From Group A, Pakistan out- smartened the West Indies and New Zeeland gave upset defeat to South Africa one of the strongest sides of the world cup and both Pakistan and New Zeeland booked their places into semifinals.
Sri Lanka outplayed New Zeeland, restricted them to 221 and chased this total easily thanks to their openers Dilshan and Tharanga and qualified for Finals.
Now the old rivals India and Pakistan facing in semifinals before their home volatile crowd. This match was also said to be the match of the decade and lots of hype was created by both countries media that further pressurized both teams and many a rumor floated. India won the toss and elected to bat first. Indian openers as usual provided them a brisk start but Wahab Riaz got the wicket of Sewag and Pakistan got control of the match, but Pakistani fielders dropped many catches of Sachen Tendulkar who scored 84 runs that helped India scored 260 runs a respectable total in semifinal.
In pursuit Pakistani openers started chasing magnificently but after the departure of Kamran Akmal and Muhammad Hafeez Pakistani side came under pressure, lost the path, never came into wining position and lost badly. All senior players Younus Khan, Shahid Afridi Abdur Razzaq let the team down. However, Misba-uI-Haq resisted till the end, he played too slow to keep pace with the run rate and he could not been able to score 30 runs in last over as result Pakistan lost the match and all Pakistani hopes of winning world cup died.
Two Asian cricketing giants India and Sri Lanka encountered in big world cup final, and fans expected a tight contest. Sri Lanka won the toss and chose to bat first. Their openers, who were the most consistent in the tournament, fell early yet their Captain Sangakara and Jawardene consolidated the innings and put up a formidable total on board of 270 plus runs thanks to Jawardene brisk 100 runs innings. It was difficult chase because of the pressure of the final and same happened as Malinga got sawag in his first over followed by Sachen Tandulkar. But Indian middle order was rock solid specially Guhtam Gambeer who along with captain Dhoni chased exceptional well. Guhtam scored 97 and Dhoni scored 91 not out and hit a six in second last over to lift the world cup-2011 for India after 28 years.
